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Citing and referencing

Everything you need to know about referencing with links to guides and support.
References Works (Encyclopedias, Dictionaries, etc...) 

References for encyclopedias should include the following elements:

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  • Last name, first name;
  • Title of the entry
  • Title of work;
  • Editor's name(s);
  • Publisher, Year;
  • Page range of entry (preceded by p. or pp.).

 

For sources accessed online, include the retrieval date as the entry may change over time. In case the author is not available, the entry of the title will take the place of the author

 

Basic Format

Author Last Name, First Name. “Title of Entry.” Title of Reference Work, edition (if applicable), edited by Editor Name(s) (if applicable), vol. #, Publisher, Year, pp. ###–###.

 

Entry in a Reference Book
  • Reference Work

American Medical Association. “Cardiovascular.” CPT 2021 Professional Edition, 2021, pp. 233–330.

 

  • Multivolume work, with/without editor, volume, and/or edition

Jamieson, Neil L. “Vietnamese.” Encyclopedia of Modern Asia, edited by David Levinson and Karen Christenson, vol. 6, Scribner’s, 2002.

“Ideology.” The American Heritage Dictionary, 3rd ed., 1997.

 

  • Entry in a reference work, no author; editor, edition, and volume

“Relativity.” Psychological Terms and Meanings, edited by Bruce Schulyer, 2nd ed., vol. 35, Bookies, 2005, pp. 235–238.

 

Entry in a Reference Work, Accessed Online 

  • Entry from an online encyclopedia

“Pollution.” A Dictionary of Environment and Conservation, 3rd ed., edited by Chris Park and Michael Allaby, Oxford University Press, 2017. Oxford Reference Online, https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780191826320.001.0001/acref-9780191826320. Accessed 18 Sept. 2025.

 

  • Entry from an encyclopedia, no author

“Cryptocurrency.” Encyclopædia Britannica, 2024, https://www.britannica.com/topic/cryptocurrency. Accessed 12 Aug. 2025.