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Citing and referencing

Everything you need to know about referencing with links to guides and support.

Reference Works (Encyclopedia, Dictionaries, etc.)

References for encyclopedias should include the following elements: author(s) or editor(s), date of publication, title of the entry, title of the work and pages, and the name of the publisher.

For sources accessed online, include the retrieval date after the title as the entry may be edited over time, and add the URL.

In case the author is not available the entry of the title will take the place of the author.

Note: Wikis are not recommended in academic research 


Basic Format

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title of entry. In Title of the Work (xx ed., Vol. xx, pp. x-xx). Publisher.


Entry in a Reference Book

American Medical Association. (2021). Cardiovascular. In CPT 2021 Professional Edition (pp. 233-330).


Entry in a Reference Work, Accessed Online

  • Entry from an encyclopedia, with author

Swartout-Corbeil, D., M., & Biscontini, T. (2016). Insect sting allergy. In Gale (Ed.), Gale Encyclopedia of Children’s Health: Infancy Through Adolescence (3rd ed.). Gale. Retrieved August 08, 2025, from https://search.credoreference.com/articles/Qm9va0FydGljbGU6NTc3Mjk1?aid=279762 

 

  • Entry from an encyclopedia, no author

Cryptocurrency. (2024). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved August 12, 2025, from https://www.britannica.com/topic/cryptocurrency